How should a distribution room be laid out?
Release time:
2021-12-01
Source:
How should a distribution room be laid out? 1) Overview. The distribution room is a critical component of the power supply system. What we commonly refer to as a “distribution room” is, in fact, a general term encompassing various types of substations and distribution rooms. A 35 kV substation includes both 35/10 (6) kV substations and 35/0.38 kV substations.
Power distribution How should the room be laid out?
1) Overview.
Power distribution The switchgear room is a critical component of the power supply system. What we commonly refer to as a “distribution room” is, in fact, a general term encompassing various types of substations and distribution rooms. A 35 kV substation includes both 35/10 (or 6) kV substations and 35/0.38 kV substations. A 10 (or 6) kV distribution substation—often simply called a “distribution substation”—is sometimes referred to as a “switchgear station” in certain regions; within user facilities, distribution substations are frequently equipped with a 10 (or 6) kV substation. A 10 (or 6) kV substation—commonly abbreviated as “substation”—refers to a substation whose high-voltage side operates at 10 (or 6) kV; in industrial enterprises, such substations are also known as “shop substations.” Typically, a substation consists of transformers, a high-voltage room, and a low-voltage room.
2) Location of the distribution room.
1. Locate as close as possible to the load center to reduce power losses, voltage drops, and non-ferrous metal consumption in the distribution system;
2. Easy to connect, especially for overhead access lines;
3. Near the power supply side, particularly at the plant’s main step-down substation and high-voltage distribution substation;
4. The equipment is easy to transport, particularly with regard to the transportation of power transformers and complete sets of high- and low-voltage switchgear;
5. It should not be placed in locations subject to severe vibration or high temperatures. When such conditions cannot be avoided, vibration isolation and thermal insulation measures shall be provided.
6. It shall not be located in areas with high dust levels or corrosive gases; if it cannot be relocated, it shall not be situated on the leeward side of pollution sources.
7. It shall not be located directly beneath areas prone to frequent water accumulation, such as toilets and bathrooms, nor shall it be adjacent to such areas.
8. It shall not be located directly above or below an explosive hazardous environment, nor directly above or below a fire hazardous environment.
9. It should not be located in a low-lying area where water may accumulate.
10. Distribution substations are typically standalone structures; however, they may also be co-located with 10(6)-kV substations and integrated into industrial plants or heavy-load buildings.
3) Power distribution Room layout.
(1) The layout shall be compact and well-organized to facilitate equipment operation, handling, maintenance, testing, and routine inspections, and shall also take into account the potential for future expansion.
(2) Arrange the relative positions of the various rooms within the building appropriately to ensure convenient cable entry and exit from the distribution room.
Maximize natural lighting and ventilation; avoid west-facing exposure for switchgear rooms and capacitor rooms, and orient control rooms toward the south whenever possible. The floors of switchgear rooms, control rooms, and on-duty rooms shall be raised 150 to 300 millimeters above the outdoor ground level; when connected to the workshop, they may be at the same elevation as the workshop floor.
10 kV distribution substations are preferably arranged on a single floor. When a two-story layout is adopted, the distribution room shall be located on the ground floor, and the second-floor distribution room shall be equipped with lifting holes and a platform for lifting equipment.
For oil-free, non-oil-immersed, fully enclosed transformers, the high- and low-voltage switchgear may be installed in the same room, with distribution cabinets housed in enclosures with an IP3X protection rating and non-oil-immersed, fully enclosed transformers arranged in close proximity within the switchgear room.
Power distribution Doors in switchgear rooms and capacitor rooms shall open outward. When adjacent switchgear rooms are connected by a door, the door shall be capable of opening in both directions or solely toward the low-voltage room.
Oil-immersed transformers, high-voltage capacitor cabinets, and multi-oil circuit breaker cabinets shall be installed in dedicated rooms located outside high-rise buildings. When space constraints necessitate their installation within the high-rise building or its podium, the total capacity of oil-immersed transformers shall not exceed 1,260 kVA, and the capacity of any single transformer shall not exceed 630 kVA (with an emergency oil storage facility beneath each transformer to contain all of its oil, and oil-escape prevention measures provided in other functional rooms).
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